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Professor Metze takes a critical look at the historical and contemporary law on the right to counsel and the evolution of what measure the courts must use to review trial counsel’s performance. By the use of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the courts have settled on the proper measure of counsel’s representation. Struggling with the new rights extended to former servants and slaves, the courts following the Civil War fought a slow but steady battle to implement the constitutional guarantees of the Bill of Rights to all citizens. After a century, the Supreme Court finally guaranteed the right to counsel to all facing the loss of life or liberty. During the twentieth century, it was determined that more than counsel’s mere presence was needed. This Article addresses the constitutional right to counsel, what standard of effectiveness a defendant may expect his counsel to perform, and the history of these concepts. Finally, it analyzes the practical applications of the right to counsel and the court’s application of its attorney competence standards, leading to the conclusion that those in power may think they do no harm resisting the temptations of change, but by their deeds, if only for their own political survival, the least among us survive, and the smell of systemic disease lingers.

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Aside from the issue of homes without shelters, a Reuters story addresses the fact that schools leveled by the Moore tornado did not have areas of refuge for those within. Reuters quotes Larry Tanner, research associate for the National Wind Institute at Texas Tech University who studies how shelters behave in fierce storms, as saying that public buildings should have shelters or safe rooms in areas prone to large storms. “Schools should all be built with shelters,” Tanner says, adding, “I would prefer my taxpayer money being directed toward shelters rather than AstroTurf on ball fields.”

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If you do build a home storm shelter, its important to make sure the product has been tested and approved for use during tornadoes. Though FEMA issues guidelines for storm structures, the agency does not approve storm structures or the material used to construct them. Instead, most of the testing in the United States is conducted at the National Wind Institute at Texas Tech University in Lubbock.

That didn’t work out so well.

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“They’re at such a high level, like a board of directors but without the powers of a board of directors,” said Camp, now a law professor at Texas Tech University. “They’re primarily a cheerleader for the service on budget issues.”

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What is clear is that Ph.D.s for artists are here for the long term. Besides the Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts and Ohio University, Texas Tech University and the University of California at San Diego also offer these degree programs, and the United States is well behind the United Kingdom and Europe, where approximately 40 such programs have been in operation for years.

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The two schools have collaborated in the past for projects not unlike this. Along with Texas Tech University, and the University of Houston, they are partners in the Texas Digital Library and preservation storage in the High Density Repository on the J.J. Pickle Campus in Austin at UT.

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Thousands of dollars were donated to the scholarship funds of Midland College, Odessa College, UTPB, and Texas Tech.

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FEMA said much of its information is based on research conducted by the Wind Engineering Research Center based at Texas Tech University.

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Shelters are “highly recommended” for storm-prone areas, according to Larry Tanner, research associate for the National Wind Institute at Texas Tech University who studies how shelters behave in fierce storms. He believes public buildings should have shelters or safe rooms in areas prone to large storms.